Read on to learn more about each of the breeds of dairy cattle. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and their origins. The following list of cattle breeds is a big list of breeds of cattle. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and the origin. Rumination and the fermentation which takes place in the rumen allows dairy cows ruminants to turn low quality forages and human food byproducts into high quality food.
Dairy cows have a hierarchical social structure and communicate by touch, smell, vocalisations and body language. According to assaminew and ashenafi 2015, the average head of crossbreed cows was very high in urban than that of periurban dairy cattle production system and the total cattle heads which include cross and local breeds. Breeding and genetics find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The basic difference between humans and cows is how our stomachs function. Selecting sires that simultaneously improve traits that are economically relevant to the dairy e.
If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we. Beef meat, dairy, draft, and multipurpose beefdraft, dairy draft, beef dairy and beef dairy draft. It is thought that cows can identify 5070 different cows4. These cattle are massive, with cows weighing well over 1,300 lbs. You can also selectchange the breed you are viewing using the dropdown list in the header above. This listing is only intended to help identify those breeds which are kept primarily for dairy purposes in north america primarily the united states and canada. Solid brown varying with very little light to dark. Originating in tee river valley, england, the milking shorthorn was first imported to the united states in 1793, arriving in virginia as both a beef and milktype animal. Reproductive management in dairy cows the future mark a. Breeds used in the dairy industry are high milk producers that can differ in body size and maturity pattern. Breeds six major dairy breeds are used in missouri. Dual purpose breeds are used only for beef in the united states.
Factors affecting the composition of milk from dairy cows. Candidate, food, agriculture and resource economics, jenna whytock, economics and finance lynn carty and sara wick, department of business university of guelph 50 stone rd. When you think of a typical cow, you are probably thinking of a holstein. Cows, simmental breed, body type, milk productivity, lactation, live weight.
Composite breeds can be a combination of two or more breeds. Its that black and white spotted cow you see all around. India possesses 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and seven breeds of buffaloes. Many factors influence milk yield levels in dairy cows e. Humans are monogastrics, meaning we have a single stomach digestive system. More than 800 breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide. Over breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide, some of which adapted to the local climate, others which were bred by humans for specialized uses cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species.
In the dairy shows at naile, special awards are given for highest milk production in pounds. Breeds can vary in coloration, size, the presence or absence of horns, overall hardiness and production uses. Pdf morphological and milkability breed differences of dairy cows. Domesticated cattle are normally classified into two major groups, zebu bos indicus and european or temperate bos taurus. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to many varieties of cattle. In 305 days, a good dairy cow can produce 2,326 gallons or 20,000 pounds or 37,216 glasses of milk. Increased water quality in streams increased fat and protein in grassfed milk products cleaner cows holmes et al, 2007 and glci, 2005 switching to grassbased dairy production provides other benefits as well, whether you choose to milk yearround or. On jersey itself there are fewer than 6000 jerseys in total with nearly 4000 of these being adult milking cows. Drivers of change in dairy herd health management include the significant increase in herdfarm size, quota removal within europe and the increase in technologies to aid in dairy cow reproductive management. Parts of a dairy cow when describing dairy cattle, proper terminology is essential to be able to communicate properly with other individuals involved in the dairy industry. Jersey cows are known for their adaptability, tolerance to heat and the ability to produce more milk per kilogram bodyweight with a higher butterfat content than any other breed. Dairy breeds ben krahn dairy research center oregon state university. Cattle breed types department of primary industries. This is the breed that is easily recognized for its distinct black and white pattern.
Dec 26, 2014 learn more about holstein dairy cattle and other major dairy cattle breeds in the united states. Aug 22, 2017 about 9 million dairy cows occupy the nations rural landscape, and of those, 94 percent are the familiar blackandwhite holsteins, a breed so archetypal that even the cow emoji is a holstein. The primary objective of selecting a breed is to find cattle that will produce large amounts of milk over a long period. Seven major dairy breeds supply most of the milk across the nation. Starting dairy farming business plan pdf startupbiz global. The jersey is the smallest breed of dairy cow, topping out at 1,200 pounds. Holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, ayrshire, milking shorthorn and red and white holstein. Pdf anatomical characteristics of dairy cattle are not equal for all breeds, meaning that the morphological traits of udder and teats could favor an.
Dairy farming involves breeding cows, milking them, and selling the milk. The experiment was conducted on three breeds of dairy cows and the number of animal of different breeds was 74 haryana, 69 sahiwal and 1,187 crossbred cb during 2010 and 2011. Lets explore the similarities and differences of these breeds and the ways they affect the dairy cattle industry. Identify the seven major breeds of dairy cattle utilized in milk production in the united states. In the 1800s, each cow produced an average litres of milk annually. Milk processors also spend less to produce a pound of cheese, butter, or nonfat milk solids from jersey milk. With so many things to consider, well focus on identifying the most common dairy. The government supported indian dairy establishment has focussed its energies on the cross breeding of existing cattle with foreign breeds. Apologies if we are missing information on a specific breed. The holstein breed is the most common breed in america. This indicates that in efficiency of the use of dairy cows for the production of milk. However, to build a successful, sustainable milk dairy farming business, you require sufficient knowledge of how to. The most popular breed of dairy cattle in the united states is the holstein.
The sole office of the jersey cow, broadly speaking, is to produce the largest possible amount of rich and highlycolored cream from a given amount of food. The most common dairy breeds are holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, ayrshire, and milking shorthorn. But, their bullocks are of moderate type or of poor. It was created to help young people build skills in selecting, raising, and managing a dairy heifer from a calf to a milking cow. The jersey, the second most popular breed of dairy cattle, is almost opposite of the holstein in almost every sense.
When starting a dairy farm, consider the following issues. The 4 major common dairy cattle breeds in kenya, milk. Both are still dogs, but are different sizes, colors, and shapes. The purity of the breed on the island is maintained by a strict ban on imports. Economic analysis of dairy breeds which breed is the best elliott currie, associateprofessor, department of business jeff james, msc.
About 9 million dairy cows occupy the nations rural landscape, and of those, 94 percent are the familiar blackandwhite holsteins, a breed so archetypal that even the cow. Comparison of two different dairy cow types in an organic, low input. Americas disappearing ancient heritage dairy cows the. Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. The milking shorthorn was identified as a dairy breed of cattle in 1968.
According to the american livestock breeds conservancy, grassbased dairy farming is on the increase, and this necessitates a very different type of animal. Crowe1, miel hostens2 and geert opsomer2 abstract background. The largest producer of milk is the usa producing over. World there are over 264 million dairy cows worldwide, producing nearly 600 million tonnes of milk every year source faostat see table 1. Cattle, domesticated bovine farm animals that are raised for their meat, milk, or hides or for draft purposes. Breeds of dairy cattle c ompared to beef cattle, few breeds of dairy cattle exist. Review on breeding objectives and practices of dairy. Lowcost, grassbased dairies often cannot support the high nutritional requirements needed by largeframed, highproducing cattle. Although the majority of indian cattle at present are nondescript, there are 26 well defined breeds of cattle and six breeds of buffaloes found all across the country. Working with dairy cattle is designed for youth interested in developing a dairy cattle project. Select the dairy cattle breed you would like to know about from the list below. Jerseys are also known for their docile, easy temperaments. Pdf physiological changes and blood flow in different.
Lets look at the holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, milking shorthorn, ayrshire, and the red and white holstein. Cow breeds can be broken up into four purpose types. There are seven commonly recognized breeds of dairy cattle found in the united states, so there should be a breed to meet your farms needs. Animal breeds the common breeds found in african dairy farms are the exotic ayshire, holstein fresian, jersey, guernsey, indigenous zebu, boran, ankole, fulani and.
Dairy cow breeding jersey research at teagasc ballydague farm shows that although the purebred jersey and jersey crossbred cows produced less milk yield that their holsteinfriesian counterparts, milk solids yields of both purebreds was similar while the milk solids yield of the. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and. Dairy cow unified score card the dairy breed associations and dairy producers developed the dairy cow unified. The foreign breeds introduced are the holstein friesian, jersey, red dane and brown swiss. Melissa elischer, michigan state university extension december 26, 2014 holstein cows are the most recognized breed of dairy cattle with distinctive black and white or red and white markings. The animals most often included under the term are the western or european domesticated cattle as well as the indian and african domesticated cattle. Today, the jersey breed is the second largest breed of dairy cattle in the world. Known as the aristocrat of dairy breeds due to their size. Crossbreeding for dairy cattle improvement in ethiopia was initiated in the early 1950s. Prizewinning dairy cows can make even more milk than that. About 11 million milking cows csa, 2016 in the country and 99 % are indigenous type csa, 2011. Guernsey, canadienne, milking shorthorn and brown swiss comprise. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we will aim to add that breed to the list.
Animal breeds the common breeds found in african dairy farms are the exotic ayshire, holstein fresian, jersey, guernsey, indigenous zebu, boran, ankole, fulani and crosses between the exotic and indigenous breeds. Considerations for breeding dairy cattle to beef breeds for. Mar 24, 2014 the jersey breed, one of the oldest dairy breeds, has been pure for six centuries. How to identify common breeds of dairy cattle farm and dairy. Dairy cattle farming is a very profitable business, and many people are making money all over the world by starting dairy milk farming businesses. The brown swiss is one of the oldest breeds of dairy cattle, with records dating back to 4000b. The following are dairy breeds that have shows during the naile. The dairy sector is characterized by subsistenceoriented production, low use of technological inputs and underdeveloped markets for inputs, services and outputs despite large cattle population about 58 million heads and favorable climatic conditions. The friesian is a large cow, the biggest of the dairy breeds, reaching up to 500kg in adulthood or about the same average weight as a horse. Pdf seasonal influence on milk production performance in. Dairy cow behavior and impact on dairy cattle nutrition management 2. The highest monthly milk yield of dairy cows was noted in the third while for dairy beef and beef dairy type cows in the second month of lactation. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to the different varieties of cattle.
Dairy cows are bred for their ability to produce milk from which dairy foods are made. The global average for milk production is approximately 2,200 litres per cow source faostat 2012. Types and breeds of african cattle food and agriculture. Holstein foundation po box 816 brattleboro, vt 053020816 telephone. During domestication, breeds have been developed to express certain desired characteristics such as high milk production, resulting in the dairy cows we see today in commercial farming. The core task of sustainable milk production is the conversion of forage into milk, dairy. Earliest maturing dairy breed, producing on average 6,000 litres per cow per year. That is, selection may have had much to do with making beef breeds different from dairy breeds, but it. These black and white cows are new zealands most common dairy cow, making up 45% of the national commercial milking herd. While these traits are of importance to the dairy, they do not add value in the feedlot or to the carcass.
The jersey breed, one of the oldest dairy breeds, has been pure for six centuries. Its milk is also the highest in protein of the two main dairy breeds. Some of which adapted to the local climate, others that were raised by man for specialized uses. These can be broadly classified into milch, draught and dual purpose breeds. Dairy cattle management a well established and managed dairy farming enterprise can be a highly profitable undertaking. The changes in milk fat percentage and composition observed with the use of fat in diets of dairy cows are a reflection of the change in output of different fatty acids from the mammary gland. Jerseys represent approximately 3% of all dairy cows and the remaining breeds ayrshire. Jersey herd register, volume 1, 1871 the jersey breed was developed so that dairy producers would have less cow to feed, more cow. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as subsaharan africa, india, china, and southeast asia. The cows of milch breeds are high milk yielders therefore they are also called dairy breeds. A farmer depending on his unique situation or geographic location may choose cattle breeds with different characteristics for his herd.
Often dairy breeds are combined with british breeds to produce specialist vealerproducing cows. The modern dairy cow a cow can live for around 20 years but in commercial systems she will be culled at 6 years old, on average3. In the united states today, there are 6 main breeds of dairy cattle. North american dairy breeds breeds of livestock breeds. But the primary reason the jersey is the breed to build a dairy business on is.
Indigenous breeds that traditionally have been kept in subsaharan africa, can cope well with the climate but does not give a high milk yield petersen. Even though there are substantial physical and physiological differences between the two groups, they can be interbred readily to produce fertile offspring of both sexes. Originating in the alps of switzerland, brown swiss cattle were first imported to the united states in 1869 by henry m. Mar 11, 2016 dairy cattle are those breeds that produce larger volumes of milk for a longer period of time than other cows.
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